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iii Aboveground plant biomass and plant nitrogen are two important parameters for plant growth monitoring, which have a decisive influence on the final yield. Mismanagement of fertilizer or pesticide inputs leads to poor plant growth, environmental pollution, and accordingly, yield loss. Biomass development is driven by nutrient supply, temperature, and phenology. Crop biomass reaches its highest weight at the harvest time. In contrast, plant nitrogen is dependent from fertilizer inputs to the soil and from biomass. Destructive measurement of both parameters is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Remote sensing offers remotely non-direct observation methods from outer space, air space, or close-range in the field by sensors. This dissertation focuses on non-destructive monitoring of plant biomass (the primary parameter) and plant nitrogen (the secondary parameter) using hyperspectral data from non-imaging field spectrometers and the imaging EO-1 Hyperion satellite. The study was conducted on two field crops: winter wheat of two growing seasons of the Huimin test site in the North China Plain; and rice of three growing seasons of the Jiansanjiang tes