Long-Term Effects of Head Start on Low-Income Children

A growing body of research suggests that the first few years of life are a particularly promising time to intervene in the lives of low-income children, although the long-term effects on children of the U.S. government’s primary early childhood program—Head Start—remains the topic of debate. In this article we review what is known about Head Start and argue that the program is likely to generate benefits to participants and society as a whole that are large enough to justify the program’s costs. Although in principle there could bemore beneficial ways of deployingHead Start resources, the benefits of such changes remain uncertain and there is some downside risk. Key words: early childhood education; early childhood interventions; head start; povert