Explaining Lifetime Criminal Arrests among Clients of a Psychiatric Probation and

This study examines the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics, clin-ical characteristics, substance abuse problems, and the array of lifetime criminal behavior may explain lifetime arrests among offenders supervised by the psychi-atric probation and parole service. Three hundred twenty-five clients with new cases at a psychiatric probation and parole service in a large urban center were screened for major psychiatric disorders. They were also interviewed for socio-demographic characteristics, mental health treatment history, criminal behavior, and arrest history. Hierarchical block multiple regression analysis tested a model explaining lifetime arrests. After controlling for age and other demographic vari-ables, the number of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations and lifetime occurrences of mania diagnosis significantly explained lifetime arrests. The total model ex-plained about 10 percent of the variance in lifetime arrests after controlling for opportunity variables, which explained 45 percent. The explanatory power of lifetime hospitalizations and mania support the contention that symptoms, rather than diagnosis, may be the most important clinical factor in explaining criminal arrest among persons with mental illness. lmplications for psychiatric services include the development of effective jail diversion programs. Since the advent of deinstitutionalization, there has been increasing concern about the criminalization of mental illness.'22 Evidence to date cannot establish a causal link between more restrictive admissio