Effective T-cell responses are critical to eradicate acute viral infections and prevent viral persistence. Emerging evidence indicates that robust, early CD4 T-cell responses are important in effectively sustaining CD8 T-cell activity. Herein, we illustrate that virus-specific CD4 T cells are functionally inactivated early during the transition into viral persistence and fail to produce effector cytokines (i.e., interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha), thereby compromising an efficient and effective antiviral immune response. Mechanis-tically, the inactivation occurs at the cellular level and is not an active process maintained by regulatory T cells or antigen-presenting cells. Importantly, a small subpopulation of cells is able to r...
SummaryT cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections. Although CD4+ T cells are critical for...
Mice infected with viruses develop long-lasting high frequency memory CD8+ T cell pools, but much le...
<p>The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious pathogens...
Effective T-cell responses are critical to eradicate acute viral infections and prevent viral persis...
CD4 T cell responses are crucial to prevent and control viral infection; however, virus-specific CD4...
SummaryViral persistence specifically inhibits CD4 Th1 responses and promotes Tfh immunity, but the ...
The contraction phase of the T cell response is a poorly understood period after the resolution of i...
During chronic viral infections, CD8 T cells rapidly lose antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions...
AbstractThe functional status of CD4+ T cells during establishment of persistent infection with the ...
Persistent virus infections create specific problems for their hosts. Although the dynamics of immun...
have contributed equally to this work. The spectrum of tasks which is fulfilled by CD4 T cells in th...
The establishment of viral persistence generally requires evasion of the host CD8+ T cell response. ...
Human CMV establishes lifelong persistence after primary infection. Chronic CMV infection is associa...
Memory CD8 T cells are an important component of pro-tective immunity against viral infections, and ...
Persistent viral infection places a significant burden on global heath. Pathogens such as human immu...
SummaryT cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections. Although CD4+ T cells are critical for...
Mice infected with viruses develop long-lasting high frequency memory CD8+ T cell pools, but much le...
<p>The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious pathogens...
Effective T-cell responses are critical to eradicate acute viral infections and prevent viral persis...
CD4 T cell responses are crucial to prevent and control viral infection; however, virus-specific CD4...
SummaryViral persistence specifically inhibits CD4 Th1 responses and promotes Tfh immunity, but the ...
The contraction phase of the T cell response is a poorly understood period after the resolution of i...
During chronic viral infections, CD8 T cells rapidly lose antiviral and immune-stimulatory functions...
AbstractThe functional status of CD4+ T cells during establishment of persistent infection with the ...
Persistent virus infections create specific problems for their hosts. Although the dynamics of immun...
have contributed equally to this work. The spectrum of tasks which is fulfilled by CD4 T cells in th...
The establishment of viral persistence generally requires evasion of the host CD8+ T cell response. ...
Human CMV establishes lifelong persistence after primary infection. Chronic CMV infection is associa...
Memory CD8 T cells are an important component of pro-tective immunity against viral infections, and ...
Persistent viral infection places a significant burden on global heath. Pathogens such as human immu...
SummaryT cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections. Although CD4+ T cells are critical for...
Mice infected with viruses develop long-lasting high frequency memory CD8+ T cell pools, but much le...
<p>The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious pathogens...