● ● ● CLINICAL TRIALS Comment onHo et al, page 6558 CEBPA resembles Roman god Janus

In this issue ofBlood, Ho and colleagues report the independent predictive value of single genemutations in theCEBPA gene in pediatric acutemyeloid leukemia. The outcome for this group of patients was excellent with 83 % ( 13%) overall survival at 5 years from study entry. TheCCAAT/enhancer bindingprotein, en-codedby theCEBPA gene, is a transcription factor that induces the expression of genes in-volved in terminal differentiation of granulo-cytes.Recently,CEBPAmutations have been added to the list of single-genemutations that maydefine a separate disease entity in cytoge-netically normal acutemyeloid leukemia (CN-AML),which is increasingly recognized as a molecularly heterogeneousdisease.1Apart from CEBPAmutations,mutations in nucleophosmin (NPM1), inFMS-related tyrosine kinase