Changes in lipoprotein subfractions during diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss in moderately overweight men. Circulation

We studied separately the effects of weight loss by calorie restriction (dieting) and by calorie expenditure (primarily, running) on lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in sedentary, moderately overweight men assigned at random into three groups as follows: exercise without calorie restriction (n=46), calorie restriction without exercise (n=42), and control (n=42). Plasma lipoprotein mass concentrations were measured by analytic ultracentrifugation for lotation rates (F,'20, S') within high density lipoprotein (HDL) (F,'20 0-9), low densit lipoprotein (LDL) (Sf 0-12), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) (S? 12-20), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (Sf 20-400) particle distributions. Particle diameter and flotation rate of the most abundant LDL species were determined by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and analytic ultracentrifugation, respectively. During the 1-year trial, the exercisers ran (mean±+SD) 15.6±9.1 km/wk, and the dieters ate 340±71 fewer kilo-calories per day than at baseline. Total body weight was reduced significantly more in dieters (-7.2±4.1 kg) and exercisers (-4.0±3.9 kg) than controls (0.6+3.7 kg). As compared with mean changes in controls, the exercisers and dieters significantly increased HDL2 mass (48.6% and 47.1%, respectively), decreased VLDL mass (-23.9 % and-25.5%), and increased LD