University ofDar-es-Salaam ABSTRAcr African independence challenged the new nations of Africa with how best to bring about the betterment of life. Before independence, Africans were subordinated and given a low priority in the sharing of their countries ' economic blessings. Therefore, with the withering away of colonial-ism, African leaders had to think of how best to bring about development for their respective coun-tries. Developmental strategies that ensued ranged from trial and error to dogmatic and pragmatic. However, imperialism did not leave them alone. Many leaders were overthrown regardless of the endearment of their nationals. And, the resulting economic situation was in shambles. Natural disasters did not spare the African ...