Cultural Organization Open Guidelines Series Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

adaptation and derivative works. Permission must be taken from UNESCO for commercial use. Adaptation and derivatives of the work should not carry the UNESCO logo, and UNESCO shall not be responsible for any distortion of facts therein. Distortion, mutilation, modification of a Work leading to derogatory action in relation to the author of the work, the Work, and reputation of UNESCO and its Member States will be treated as breach of the Open Access provision. The person/institution responsible for the adaptation/derivative work shall be responsible for legal action, if any, and shall indemnify UNESCO from any liability arising out of such action. ISBN 978-92-3-001052-2 The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. About the Author: Dr. Alma Swan, a leading expert in scholarly communication and Open Access, is Director of Key Perspectives Ltd, United Kingdom. The author is responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and does not commit the Organization