DNA/RNA

Fra-1 (Fosl-1) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor and a member of Fos family of proteins (Cohen and Curran, 1988). The Fra-1 gene spans about 8.31 kb including four exons and is located on chromosome 11q13. It contains two regulatory elements, an upstream 5'-flanking region and an intragenic sequence, that are known to regulate its transcriptional induction (Verde et al., 2007). Two critical elements of the promoter, the upstream TPA response element (TRE) and the serum response element (SRE), are required for Fra-1 transcriptional induction in response to external stimuli, such as mitogens and cytokines (Adiseshaiah et al., 2003; Adiseshaiah et al., 2005). The intragenic regulatory element containing the TRE/TRE-like elements als