CopyDetect: An R Package for Computing Statistical Indices to Detect Answer Copying on Multiple-Choice Examinations

test integrity, score integrity Fraud on standardized tests has been an increasing concern (Crouch, 2012; Hildebrand, 2012) because it invalidates the inferences made from test scores. The large-scale, self-report survey results consistently revealed that about 35 % of high school students engaged in some type of test fraud two or more times in the previous year (Josephson Institute of Ethics, 2006, 2008, 2010), and answer exchange between two examinees is a type of test fraud commonly observed in multiple-choice examinations (Bopp, Gleason, & Misicka, 2001; Brimble & Clarke, 2005