Article The effects of social origins and cognitive ability on educational attainment: Evidence from Britain and Sweden

In previous work we have shown that in Britain and Sweden alike parental class, parental status and parental education have independent effects on individuals ’ educational attainment. In this paper we extendouranalyses, first byalso includingmeasuresof individuals ’ early-life cognitiveability, andsecond by bringing our results for Britain and Sweden into direct comparative form.On the basis of extensive birth-cohortdata for both countries,we find thatwhencognitive ability is introduced intoour analyses, parental class, status and education continue to have significant, and in fact only moderately reduced and largely persisting, effectson theeducational attainmentofmembersof successive cohorts.There is some limited evidence for Britain, but not for Sweden, that cognitive ability has a declining effect on educational attainment, and a further cross-national difference is that in Britain, but not in Sweden, some positive interaction effects occur between advantaged social origins and high cognitive ability in relation to educational success. Overall, though, cross-national similarities are most apparent, and especially in the extent towhichparental class, status andeducation,when taken together, createwide disparities in the eventual educational attainment of individuals who in early life were placed at similar levels of cognitive ability. Some wider implications of these findings are considered