PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) Speeches/Conference Papers (150)

The images of photography have been manipulated almost from the moment of their discovery. The blending together in the studio and darkroom of images not found in actual scenes from life has been a regular feature of modern photography in both art and advertising. Techniques of photograph manipulation include retouching; blocking out figures or details; cutting out a figure from the background and placing it in a new setting or with a new group; recentering; and slicing a figure or area out of the center and joining the edges. From the beginning of motion pictures, special effects have been present to reshape reality. Many fiction film techniques such as reenactment, directing, scripting, and actors were used in the documentary field up until about 1960, then discarded for a decade or so, and now have reappeared in post modern documentary production. With the advent of the computer and digital technology, images have become more untrustworthy than ever and fakery has become more difficult to detect. One of the devices that may hasten the "decay " of photo journalistic integrity and credibility is the electronic camera. It is the task of the visual educator is to help learners to become visually literate and to be skeptical about how images are created and for what reasons. (Contains 23 references.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ****************************A*****************************************