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Resilience, in an organizational sense meaning the ability to withstand crises and disturbances, has become a buzzword during the last ten years. It is associated with established activities like risk and crisis management and business continuity planning, but it allows for new perspectives and insights into the conditions for doing business. Applied to the whole supply chain it also provides tools for managing and aligning the logistics flows in an appropriate way. But why is resilience essential for the textile and fashion industry? The fashion garment industry in Northern Europe was one of the first sectors to relocate production capacity to lower cost regions. As a result industrial jobs declined and imports soared. Meanwhile we see the emergence of strong fashion brands that today operate very successfully in the global economy. Companies have converted from manufacturer to branded marketer or from multi-brand store to branded retailer. Many enterprises failed and disappeared, while several others prospered. Why has this development taken place and how did some firms manage, while others collapsed? Was it a matter of cost only? The answer is context-dependent and multi-faceted. Severa