Update on primary scl

insights to clinical characteristics and patient management. With andhistopathological criteria for PSCwere stated by three publica-tions in 1980 from the US (Rochester), UK (London), and Norway The principle challenges in PSC all derive from the fact that gy 2013 vol. 59 j 571–582 ReviewJournal of Hepatoloetiology and pathogenesis are still largely unknown. Since the development of sclerosing cholangitis represents a ‘‘final com-mon pathway’ ’ for multiple underlying mechanisms of bile duct injury, in vivo data in patients with established PSC do not neces-sarily reflect etiology. The first part of this review elaborates on recent insights into the pathogenesis of PSC, with a particular emphasis on research of relevance to novel treatment strategies currently in the testing phase. An update on aspects relevant to diagnosis of PSC will also be given, with a particular emphasi