Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: Presentation, management, and patient outcomes

BACKGROUND Indications for cardiac implantable electronic de-vices (CIEDs) are increasing. Although CIED infections occur in-frequently, the impact of this outcome is expected to be substan-tial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to the evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing removal of infected CIEDs. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of all patients with proven or suspected infected CIEDs who were referred to the Cleveland Clinic for system removal from January 2002 throug