Volume 3 • Issue 2

The paradox of plant immune system has continued to inspire phytologists with great fascination. Plants combat biological attack by pathogens with the help of a two tier innate immune system including a first layer with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and the second one with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). This total phenomena involves some conserved molecules like microbes/pathogen associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) and various receptors like nucleotide–binding site/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins [1]. Plants trigger a number of integrated immune responses which are applied both locally at the infection site and systemically at distant unaffected sites. The field of ‘plant defence and immunity ’ is moving ahead not only because of its evolutionary significance but also for its dual-faced role in biotic and abiotic stresses. Many secondary metabolites, anti-feedants, protease inhibitors act as bullets triggered by plants to encounter the pathogenic attack. Moreover, defenc