Steps Toward a Sociology of Religious Experience: The Theories

Sociologists of religion, in their concern for the social effects of religious institutions and the functions of religious meaning systems for people's identities, have neglected to study religious experiences. This paper explores Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow experiences and Alfred Schutz ' s theory of the tuning-in relationship as possible approaches to studying the experiential dimension of religion. Csikszentmihalyi's notion of "the flow experience, " while ultimately reductionist, focuses on the nonconceptual side of autotelic activities. Schutz's analysis of musical performance elucidates the preconceptual sociality of aU experiences shared in inner time. We suggest hat both theories offer conceptual tools that can be applied to religious experiences. Taken together they suggest an approach for sociologists attempting to explore this hitherto neglected omain. In his influential essay, "Religion asa Cultural System, " Clifford Geertz criticizes the anthropology of religion in terms familiar from the debates in our own discipline: it is functionalist, positivist, reductionist, sterile, strangled by "the dead hand of com