PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Roccas et al. / THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values

The authors relate Big Five personality traits to basic values in a sample of 246 students. As hypothesized, Agreeableness corre-lates most positively with benevolence and tradition values, Openness with self-direction and universalism values, Extrover-sion with achievement and stimulation values, and Conscien-tiousness with achievement and conformity values. Correlations of values with facets of the five factors reveal nuances of the facets and clarify ambiguities in the meanings of the factors. Values and personality traits exhibit different patterns of correlation with religiosity and positive affect. Findings support the idea that the influence of values on behavior depends more on cogni-tive control than does the influence of traits. The five-factor model (FFM) is the dominant approach for representing the human trait structure today. The model asserts that five basic factors describe most personality traits: Neuroticism, Openness to Expe-rience, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientious-ness. Researchers have used the model to predict indi-vidual differences in numerous settings: clinica