Gender Diversification in the U.S. Forest Service: Does It

The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) has historically provided a useful model for understanding administrative behavior and organizational change. In 1990 and 1996, nationwide stud-ies of USFS employees were conducted to evaluate the emergence of a new resource management paradigm and to examine the role of workforce diversification, especially gender, in contributing to organizational change. In 2008, a new survey of Forest Service employees was conducted to measure what changes have occurred over the last decade. More than a decade later, workforce diversification continues to evoke powerful negative and positive attitudinal responses among USFS employees. Larger organizational issues, especially reduced program budgets and a reduction in workforce, have stalled agency diversification efforts, reducing opportunities for women to enter leadership roles. The authors ’ analysis suggests that the USFS is operating from a “discrimination-and-fairness” organizational diversity paradigm rather than a “valuing-and-integrating ” paradigm, which will ultimately limit the benefits purported to accrue from workforce diversification