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The high prevalence of hypertension in older persons (nearly one of two subjects aged 60 years and older) sug-gests that the recognition and treatment should be a priority for physicians. Although diastolic blood pressure is regarded as an important risk factor, it is now clear that isolated systolic hypertension and elevated pulse pres-sure also play an important role in the development of cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and cor-onary heart disease, which are the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the population aged older than 65 years. Controlled, randomized trials have shown that treatment of systolic as well as systolodi-astolic hypertension decreases the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in older adults. The question of whether treatment of hypertension should be maintained in very old persons, those older than 80 years, is still undecided.