The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in 5 a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation

Although social scientists have convincingly demonstrated relationships between 10 religious beliefs/practices and mental health, almost none of the empirical findings or related theory apply specifically to Jews. To address this limitation, we investigated the role of Jewish religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness, in a large Jewish community sample (n 565). Several facets of global Jewish religiousness were examined, as well as a theoretically based Jewish religious 15 variable, trust in God. A self-report measure of trust in God was created, and factor analyses yielded two reliable and valid subscales: trust in God and mistrust in God. Contrary to our hypotheses, global Jewish religiousness was on the whole unrelated to mental-health functioning. As expected, higher levels of trust in God were associated with less anxiety and depression, and greater personal happiness, 20 whereas inverse associations emerged for the unanticipated but robust mistrust subscale