Expanding Indications for Permanent Pacemakers

• Purpose: To review the current clinical experience with new and expanding indications for permanent cardiac pacing. • Data Sources: A MEDLINE search was done of the English-language literature published from 1980 through 1994 about indications for permanent pacing. Five major areas were identified and searched: car-diomyopathies, atrial fibrillation, the long QT syndrome, cardiac transplantation, and vasovagal syncope. A manual search was then done for other contributions, including abstracts. • Study Selection: Because published reports in these areas are scarce, all of the peer-reviewed articles and most of the relevant abstracts found were reviewed. • Data Extraction: Data were manually extracted fro