Relationship between Urban Form and the CO2 Emission of Energy Consumption Based on the Hi_PLS Model – a Case Study in Shanghai

Abstract—We, firstly, collect the energy consumption (EC) of Shanghai and compute its CO2 emission (CE). Then, we use three kinds ’ indexes (urban size, traffic infrastructure, and compactness) to analyze the relationship between city’s form and its CE based on the Partial Least Squares (PLS) and the Hierarchical PLS (Hi_PLS). The indexes of urban size contain Gfs (area of housing construction) and Gds (area of road). Traffic infrastructure’s indexes contain Tcar (possession of civilian vehicles), Tchl (length of city’s road) and Tqln (number of city’s bridge). Compactness indexes contain Pchl (pre-capita Tchl) and Pqln (pre-capita Tqln). The results show: the explanatory ability (result) of the Hi_PLS is stronger (better) than the PLS. Urban size is the biggest driving forces; traffic infrastructure follows it. Urban compactness can inhibit partly the growth of city’s CE. Specifically, a 1% increase of the seven indexes above can make the Shanghai’s CE grow 0.326%, 0.300%, 0.147%, 0.151%, 0.151%,-0.059% and-0.058%, respectively. The- means an inhibition