Capital Account Opening and Wage Inequality

Opening the capital account allows financially constrained firms to raise capital from abroad. Since capital and skilled labor are relative complements, this increases the relative demand for skilled labor versus unskilled labor, leading to higher wage inequality. Using aggregate data and exploiting variation in the timing of capital account openings across 20 mainly European countries, I find that opening the capital account increases aggregate wage inequality. In order to identify the mechanism, I use sectoral data and exploit variation in external financial dependence and capital-skill complementarity across industries. I find that capital account opening increases sectoral wage inequality, particularly in industries with both high financial needs and strong complementarity. (JEL F32, J31) In the last four decades, many developed and developing countries have opened their capital accounts, lifting legal restrictions imposed on international capital transactions. Although there is a growing consensus that capital account liberalization leads to higher economic growth (Quinn and Toyoda 2008), it is still unclear whether liberalization benefits the whole population equally, or whether it disproportionately benefits the rich or the poor. This paper attempt