A Conceptual Framework of Identity Formation in a Society of

This publication examines racial, ethnic, and cultural identity development in children in out-of-home care. In the field of foster care, the overrepresentation of children of color and the prevalence of cross-cultural placements compel practitioners and caregivers to attend to issues of ethnic identity formation. Information comes from focus group interviews with foster parents and youth and with alumni of the Casey Family Programs (which provides a range of permanency planning services for children and youth); interviews with practitioners; consultation with experts; and field notes from conversations with Casey staff and families at staff meetings and other functions. Part 1, "A Conceptual Overview, " reviews and integrates the research and theory on ethnic identity and related concepts such as racial and ethnic socialization and social constancy theory. Part 2, "Ethnic Identity for Children and Youth in Out-of-Home Care, " explores the implications and challenges of ethnic identity for youth in foster care and other out-of-home placements (e.g., the importance of birth family work fo