Qualitative Health Research 22(1) 17 –30 © The Author(s) 2012

Although repeat offenders are in the minority of all people convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) or “intoxicated,” they are a particularly high-risk group. They are more likely than non-DWI drivers to involve themselves in fatal motor vehicle crashes or hit-and-run collisions with pedestrian fatalities, and to have high blood alcohol con-centrations (0.15 % and above) when driving (Beirness, Simpson, & Mayhew, 1991; Fell, 1992, 1995; Solnick & Hemenway, 1994). They are also more likely than first offenders to refuse the breath alcohol test and to fail to com-ply with court-mandated sanctions (Collier & Longest, 1996; Elliott & Morse, 1993; Fredlund, 1991). An important target for remedial intervention is the repeat DWI offender. Consequently, they have been the focus of a variety of deterrence strategies (Gijsbers