Learning disabilities existing concomitantly with communication disorder

This article describes the characteristics of language disorders that occur with learning disabilities. In this context, formal and naturalistic language, including specific standardized test batteries and curriculum-based language assessment, portfolio assessment, and others, are discussed. In addition, service delivery models and interventions that focus on the enhancement of semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic development are presented. Finally, future directions for research in the area of learning disabilities and secondary language disorders are suggested. Intervention strategies, including supportive scaffolding, whole language, and collaborative consultation, are reviewed; and implications for language assessment, intervention, and future research are discussed. Laura and her sister Steffi have just finished their favorite Chi-nese foods and are helping each other to clear the dinner table. During the process of clearing the table, their helpful dad picks up a small unopened plastic packet containing duck sauce. He quickly announces to both girls, "Duck!... sauce, " and hurls the small packet toward the two sisters. Steffi