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Thalidomide, bortezomib and lenalidomide have recently changed the treatment paradigm of myeloma. In young newly diagnosed patients, the combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone has been widely used as induction treatment before autologous transplant (ASCT). In two randomised studies, consolidation or maintenance with low-dose thalidomide has extended both progression-free and overall survival in patients who received ASCT at diagnosis. In elderly newly diagnosed patients, two independent randomised studies have reported that the oral combination of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide (MPT) is better than the standard melphalan and prednisone (MP). These studies have shown better progression-free survival, and two have shown improved overall survival for patients assigned to MPT. In refractory-relapsed disease, combinations including thalidomide with dexamethasone, melphalan, doxorubicin o