Work Behavior

Research on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) has largely focused on the individual traits and perceptions that enhance or decrease CWB. Although useful, we propose that a multilevel perspective offers greater insight into CWB antecedents and outcomes by acknowledging the nested nature of the individual within the work group. We review the CWB litera-ture and propose a testable multilevel model that incorporates individual, group, and organizational antecedents of CWB. We conclude with recom-mendations on alternative techniques to measuring individual CWB and its higher order antecedents. at PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV on March 6, 2016gom.sagepub.comDownloaded from 40 Group & Organization Management 36(1