Update in Handheld Electronic Resources for Evidence-Based Practice in the Community Setting

Evidence-based practice (EBP) integrates 3 elements inmaking patient care decisions.1,2 The first element is the critical use of the best evidence from randomized clini-cal trials, epidemiologic and outcome studies, and other types of research. Individual expertise, developed over time through clinical practice, and consideration of patient values are also major components. Over the past 15 years, EBP has become the standard approach to patient care. According to a 2003 Institute of Medicine report, EBP is a core competency essential for all health professionals regardless of their specific disci-pline.2 Similarly, the World Health Organization identified that translating evidence into practice is essential in im-proving the quality of care for chronic conditions.3 The basic processes of EBP include asking a focused clinical question, conducting a thorough search for rele-vant evidence, critically evaluating for validity and clinical relevance, and applying the best evidence. While many health professionals are familiar with the basic processes involved with EBP, the Institute of Medicine report identi-fied significant barriers.2 Practitioners may lack expertise in identifying, evaluating, and applying research findings. Time constraints and misconceptions may limit the indi-vidual’s ability to use EBP. Some practice environments also do not support information-seeking behaviors. While the importance of EBP has been less apparent in the traditional community pharmacy setting, many changes are occurring in this environment that will require an evi