Development of the brief Spanish Cocaine Craving Questionnaire- General

Drug cravings are subjective motivational states thought to promote compulsive drug use, hinder addicts ’ efforts to achieve abstinence, and cause relapse following sustained drug abstinence (Tiffany, 1990; O’Brien, 2005). The irresistible desire to consume plays such an important role in addiction that most treatment programs have strategies for managing craving, such as nicotine patches, chewing gum or cognitive coping strategies (Secades & Fernández, 2001; García-Rodríguez, 2007). Beyond the hypothesized pivotal role of cravings in substance abuse, there is little consensus regarding the range of phenomena that includes the definition of cravings (Arce, Bernaldo, & Labrador 1994). While some research restricts the definition of craving to that of a strong desire for a drug (Kozlowski, Pilliteri, Sweeey, Whitfield, & Graham, 1996), other research conceptualizes craving as a multifaceted construct that includes expectancies, intentions to use, impulsivity and even affect and cognitions as potential dimensions of craving (Shadel, Niura