© Science and Education Publishing

Abstract This paper aims at offering an overview and a theoretical framework of the national specific of the Romanian Higher Education and the challenges that lie ahead for a common European approach to education (the Bologna process and the European Higher Education Area- EHEA). We examine the National Qualifications in the EHEA Framework by addressing aspects such as degree cycles; qualification levels; types of diplomas; quality assurance; credit transfer system and Diploma Supplement. A critical argumentation in terms of learning outcomes translatability and recognition of academic and professional qualifications is addressed. Also, we shortly present some challenges concerning the student population (underrepresented groups; student fees and scholarships; student mobility).The research methodology comprises a thorough literature review of the national policy as it is the decisive factor for the Romanian education system (the National Law of Education from 2011 and the latest Governmental Decisions; the National Qualifications Authority’s Self-certification Report 2011; and data produced by other accredited Romanian Agencies, such as the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance and the National Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas). Also, a main piece of literature that was of great importance is the European Union’s institutional perspective (data provided by the European Commission Eurostat- the statistical office of the European Union; Information Centres, and European Students ’ Union), along with scientific studies in the area of higher education. Understanding the comparability mechanisms in tertiary education provides a commo