Certification; *Teacher Education IDENTIFIERS *Professionalism

Policies to change the way teachers are trained, li and compensated constitute a major part of the educational reform agelidas advanced by state governments over the past several years. These policies have been extremely difficult to implement, and state officials face the prospect that many of them will need substantial modification. This report argues that the explanation lies in a basic dilemma that most state teacher policies pose: the need to accommodate two different, yet equally legitimate, values--popular control and professionalism--in their design and implementation. This report examines the inherent tensions between democratic control and professionalism, how they are manifested in teacher policies, how they influence subsequent implementation, and how the two approaches might be more effectively balanced in future generations of teacher policy. The data analyzed represent over 600 interviews with state policymakers, interest group representatives, local district officials, principals, and classroom teachers in 19 local districts and 50 schools in the states of Arizona, California