Pollination Biology: Implications for Restoring Rare Plants

considers the important connection between rare plants and their pottinators. Reproductive failure is a commonconcern when considering threats to rare species. Genetic or ecological factors can influence reproductive suc-cess at any or all of the stages of plant reproduction--pollination, fertilization, and seed maturation. Some of the polli-nation-related questions that face restorationists, conservation biologists, and stewardship professionals who man-age rare plant populations include: Are the plants getting enough pollen? Are the plants getting appropriate pollen, that is, conspecific pollen and pollen of an appropriate self-incompatibility genotype? What role does habitat frag-mentation play in changing patterns of pollen flow? What role do non-native pollinators play in changing patterns of pollen flow? If pollen flow patterns are changed, could this lead to inbreeding or outbreeding depression? And finally, how can we address some of these polli-nation problems in our restorations? Invited speakers explored these issues at a symposium entitled, "Pollinatio