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It is well known that the scope and application of numerically-rigorous techniques for full-wave electromagnetic characterization is limited to problems of moderate electrical size and simplified complexity. These limitations stem from the vast computational resources required by numerical methods such as finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) or finite difference method (FDM). During the last decade a number of fast and memory efficient numerical algorithms such as Multigrid methods and the Fast Multipole Algorithm (FMA), have been proposed to further reduce storage and computational requirements of full-wave methods. In this dissertation an alternative proposition will be presented, that is a fast and efficient Domain Decomposition (DD) methodology, appropriately tailored for the solution of time-harmonic Maxwell's equations. The DD method proposed here is a non-conforming one, namely it allows for different mesh on either side of domain interface. This not only relaxes and speeds up automatic mesh generation algorithms, but at the same time opens the road of efficient and robust adaptive field computations. The D