Disease No disease

models for assessing familial aggregation from case-control studies. Am J Epi-demiol 1986;124:678-83. A regression model for estimating covariate effects on odds ratios to test for familial aggregation of common disease in first-degree relatives of cases and controls is presented and illustrated by using family data from a study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These estimators are in essence an extension of the Mantel-Haenszel estimator of odds ratio but do not require the assumption of independence among relatives. A robust test statistic for possible effects of covariates such as the matching variables for cases and controls on odds ratio is also presented. In data on 156 adult first-degree relatives of 28 cases with demonstrated airway obstruction and 28 controls matched for age, sex, race, and hospital status, there appeared to be a difference in the odds ratio among families of black and white case-control pairs. However, the small sample size available prevents conclusive interpretation of this observation. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; regression analysis; risk; statistics Often in epidemiologic studies the asso-ciation between a possible risk factor and disease outcome is summarized as a series of k 2 X 2 tables with i = 1, • •-,