On-pump fibrillating heart mitral valve replacement with the SAPIEN ™ XT transcatheter heart valve

In some high-risk patients, standard mitral valve replacement can represent a challenging procedure, requiring a risky extensive decalcifi-cation of the annulus. In particular, high-risk redo patients and patients with a previously implanted transcatheter aortic valve, who develop calcific mitral disease, would benefit from the development of new, minimally invasive, transcatheter or hybrid techniques for mitral valve replacement. In particular, mixing transcatheter valve therapies and well-established minimally invasive techniques for mitral replacement or repair can help in decreasing the surgical risk and the technical complexity. Thus, placing transcatheter, balloon-expandable Sapien ™ XT stent-valves in calcified, degenerated mitral valves through a right thoracotomy, a left atriotomy and on an on-pump fibrillating heart, represents an attractive alternative to standard surgery in redo patients, in patients with concomitant transcath-eter aortic stent-valves in place and in patients with a high-risk profile. We describe this hybrid technique in detail