Prediction of Postprandial Glycemic Exposure Utility of fasting and 2-h glucose measurements alone and in combination with assessment of body composition, fitness, and strength

OBJECTIVE — To determine the best predictors of total postprandial glycemic exposure and peak glucose concentrations in nondiabetic humans. RESEARCH DESIGN ANDMETHODS — Data from 203 nondiabetic volunteers who ingested a carbohydrate-containing mixed meal were analyzed. RESULTS — Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were poor predictors of postprandial glucose area above basal (R20.07, P 0.001). The correlation was stronger for 2-h glucose concentration (R2 0.55, P 0.001) and improved slightly but significantly (P 0.001) with the addition of fasting glucose, insulin, age, sex, and body weight to the model (r2 0.58). The 2-h glucose concentration also predicted the peak glucose concentration (R2 0.37, P 0.001) with strength of the prediction increasing (P 0.001) modestly with the addition of fasting glucose, insulin, age, sex, and body weight to the model (R2 0.48, P 0.001). On the other hand, addition ofmeasures of body function and composition did not improve prediction of total glycemic exposure or peak glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS — Isolated measures of fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations alone or in combination with more complex measures of body composition and function are poor predic