C-Spine Injury Associated with Gunshot Wounds to the Head: Retrospective Study and Literature Review

with gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the head. Methods: A retrospective chart re-view including patients with GSWs to the head and excluding those with penetrating facial/neck trauma was performed. Cervi-cal clearance was by clinical/radiologic criteria in survivors, and autopsy in non-survivors. A MEDLINE literature search was performed and relevant articles reviewed. Results: One hundred seventy-four charts were available for review; 90 had C-spine radiographs (complete series [49], lateral [33], and computed tomographic scan [8]). Of 84 with no radiographs, 2