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Recognizing seizures in the newborn period can be challenging as “events ” may be subtle and neonates often exhibit mannerisms that can be confused with sei-zures. Furthermore, there is a large and potentially daunt-ing list of etiologies that may test the diagnostic skills of even the more experienced clinician. In this review, I will summarize historical aspects, physical findings, and investigations that can point to recognition and diagnosis of neonatal seizures in a timely manner. As in most clini-cal situations, while early recognition can help with ini-tiation of treatment, unearthing the underlying etiology is crucial for prognostication. The incidence of neonatal seizures in the general population is reported to be 2.5 to 3.5 per 1000 in full term newborns, more than at any other period in child-hood.1,2 In studies of babies hospitalized in intensive care units, it can be as high as 2.3%.3 Interestingly, in utero seizures have also been reported and even captured by ultrasonography.4 What Do Seizures in Neonate