pediatric AML: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis appear to reduce bacterial infection rates. • Mandatory hospitalization during profound neutropenia did not reduce infection or significantly reduce nonrelapse-related mortality. Objective was to describe the effect of antibiotic and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis and discharge policy on infection risk and nonrelapse-related mortality (NRM) during chemotherapy for children with acute myeloid leukemia. Patients were non–Down syndrome children enrolled on Children’s Oncology Group (COG) trial AAML0531. We surveyed sites to determine institutional standards for systemic antibacterial, antifungal, and G-CSF prophylaxis, and mandatory hospitaliza