Self-Motivation for Academic Attainment: The Role of Self-Efficacy

The causal role of students ' self-efficacy beliefs and academic goals in self-motivated academic attainment was studied using path analysis pro-cedures. Parental goal setting and students ' self-efficacy and personal goals at the beginning of the semester served as predictors of students' final course grades in social studies. In addition, their grades in a prior course in social studies were included in the analyses. A path model of four self-motivation variables and prior grades predicted students ' final grades in social studies, R =.56. Students ' beliefs in their efficacy for self-regulated learning affected their perceived self-efficacy for academic achievement, which in turn influenced the academic goals they set for themselves and their final academic achievement. Students ' prior grades were predictive of their parents ' grade goals for them, which in turn were linked to the grade goals students set for themselves. These findings were interpreted in terms of the social cognitive theory of academic self-motivation. BARRY J. ZIMMERMAN is a professor of educational psychology in the Graduat