eJo

pub) an ANI of gge l en ion iric n PA pola onstra ed for r ligh electro ogy [5 is one l stabil te syst e, it sh transport of electrons in another way [14]. It is hard to compare the exclusive effects of different acids on the conductivities of PANI emeraldine salt (ES), because they also depend on solvent that is paired with the chosen acid. When HCl is used for the dopant in the form of aqueous solution, the electric conductivity of the PANI salt many other phenol derivatives participate in expanding PANI molecules which are initially of coil-like conformations, and results in changing the crystalline structure of PANI ES. Thereby, the rela-tionship between primary and secondary dopants have attracted many research groups ’ attention: for example, Jayakannan et al. experimentally studied special types of dopants, which have both sulfonic acid and phenolate in a single molecule, and found that a methyl group on the phenolate side changes the electric prop-erties of PANI [19]. Further, the concept of secondary dopant ha