Vars Award Recipient Supplementation of Total Parenteral Nutrition With Butyrate Acutely Increases Structural Aspects of Intestinal Adaptation After an 80%

ABSTRACT. Background: Supplementation of total paren-teral nutrition (TPN) with a mixture of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) enhances intestinal adaptation in the adult rodent model. However, the ability and timing of SCFA to augment adaptation in the neonatal intestine is unknown. Furthermore, the specific SCFA inducing the intestinotro-phic effects and underlying regulatory mechanism(s) are unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of SCFA supple-mented TPN on structural aspects of intestinal adaptation and hypothesized that butyrate is the SCFA responsible for these effects. Methods: Piglets (n 120) were randomized to (1) control TPN or TPN supplemented with (2) 60 mmol/L SCFA (36 mmol/L acetate, 15 mmol/L propionate and 9 mmol/L butyrate), (3) 9 mmol/L butyrate, or (4) 60 mmol/L butyrate. Within each group, piglets were further random