Multiple-Valued CCD Circuits

he foundation of any computing system is the logic on which it is built. Indeed, the impact of com-puting on modern technology largely results from the success integrated circuit manufacturers have had in implementing complex circuits compactly. During the 1970s, circuit density doubled every year. However, limits in circuit reduction are now being felt, and the pace has slowed to a doubling every two years, with further slowing expected. This has inspired an interest in innovative ways to achieve still smaller circuits. Currently, important technologie