want to thank God and my family for believing in me that I can accomplish my goals and dreams. A special thanks to my advisor, Dr. Rezaul Mahmood for having the time and patience to help me learn how to approach my research. To my thesis committee members, Dr. Stuart Foster, Dr. Michael Trapasso, and Dr. Gregory Goodrich, thank you for your input and abundance of knowledge. Without it, I would not be able to complete my thesis. To Dr. David Keeling, thank you for expanding my thinking to analyze data as a geoscientist should. Thanks to the entire faculty of the Geography and Geology department for encouraging me to succeed and excel in my research with encouragement. Finally, thanks to Mr. Bobby Carson and Mammoth Cave National Park, for th...