Instruction; Second Language Learning

A review of literature shows that culture shock is a complex phenomenon characterized by discomfort and anxiety resulting from difficulty in interacting in an unfamiliar social and communicative context. Difficulty arises not from unfamiliar "rules" of behavior but from the intangibility of differences in cultural values, expectations, and roles. It occurs on the part of both host and foreign visitor. Phys.:.ological changes are not uncommon, and may include fatigue from heightened stimulation. Some researchers suggest that culture shock +.s closely related to language learning, and that it is a necessary step in gaining communicative competence in the host language. Learning linguistic skills alone is not adequate for either alleviating culture shock or achieving communicative competence. Teaching about culture shock appears to enable people to cope better with it, and teachers of English as a Second Language often use simulation, mini-drama, study of literature, reading units, and/or discussion as teaching techniques. A number of classroom activities addressing aspects culture shock are suggested, particularly for students at lower levels of English language instruction. Contains 15 references. (MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ct C) The nature of culture shock: Ideas for lower level student