n

Zimbabweaim to produce a good-quality final product and its inter-mediates. The centralisation of poultry processing plants has increased the problem of poultry waste management. The volume of waste produced during processing is large enough to develop techniques for processing the waste and presents possibilities for future use (Biely et al. 1972). Waste treatment is costly; therefore, most companies use converted to poultry feed by ensilation, dehydration, chem-ical treatment and fermentation to yield protein biomass (El Boushy and van der Poel 1994). In Zimbabwe, some of the waste produced during chicken slaughter is generated into animal feed in rendering plants (Bhengesa 2004). The excess waste finds its way to landfills for a price charged by environmental agencies or municipal authorities. Recent food controversies including incidence of salmonella outbreaks, bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow * Correspondence