This PhD Thesis is dedicated to my family, without which, I would not have been able to write even a single word of it. Besides, I would like to thank Prof. Antonio Morini for having carefully supervised any aspect of my PhD activity, having strongly supported me (both from a technical and a human point of view) and having allowed me to spend almost two years at the European Space Agency (ESA) in Noordwijk (The Netherlands), while developing my research projects. I sincerely acknowledge Piero Angeletti and Giovanni Toso (ESA Staff Members) for their continuous support and for having supervised all the phases of my activity at ESA. I have learned a million of things from them and it has been a great pleasure to work with such exceptional per...