Resilience and vulnerability to daily stressors assessed via diary methods

ABSTRACT—Stressors encountered in daily life, such as family arguments or work deadlines, may play an im-portant role in individual health and well-being. This article presents a framework for understanding how characteristics of individuals and their environments limit or increase exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Research on daily stressors has benefited from diary methods that obtain repeated measurements from indi-viduals during their daily lives. These methods improve ecological validity, reduce memory distortions, and permit the assessment of within-person processes. Findings from the National Study of Daily Experiences, which used a telephone-diary design, highlight how people’s age, gen-der, and education and the presence or absence of chronic stressors in their lives predict their exposure and reac